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For instance, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the cube, the mining difficulty and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our block consists of the term BUTTERFLY discussed previously. In fact, the cube would contain a listing of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH consequence of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, the block is considered confirmed.

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For our example, lets say that we have a mining difficulty of simply two, ie, our HASH must start with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. So what we need is the third variable, a random number (called a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and because changing one small number changes the whole HASH result, there's absolutely no way to forecast the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, gives us a HASH that begins with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some tries:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that supplies the solution is the thing that creates bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years into mine one block. .

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This has led to the rise of ASIC computers constructed specifically for mining and to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the early days of bitcoin, mining issue was reduced and not a lot of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it worthwhile to use your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that approach was soon replaced by GPU mining.

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GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a potent processor whose sole purpose is to assist your computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not built for executive decisions (like CPUs) but to be very great labourers, hence GPUs can execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the exact same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These greatly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining process as FPGAs are processors which can be programmed to page perform certain instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Similar to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are chips designed for a particular function, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they are the best processors available for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in power consumption. .

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Mining pools. To offset the problem of mining a block, miners started organising in cloud or pools mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools simplifies a cube, the payoff is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .

Cloud mining. Clouds provide potential miners the capability to buy mining channels in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno energy costs, no excess heat and nothing to market when you decide to hang up your digital pickaxe.

Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a virtual key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to gain access and validate or approve transactions.

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Desktop pockets. Software such as Bitcoin Core allows you to send and save bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange platforms like Coinbase or Circle and can be retrieved from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Apps like Blockchain store and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your mobile device.

Paper wallets. Some websites offer paper wallet solutions, generating a bit of paper using just two QR codes on it. One code is your public address where you receive bitcoin and the other is your private address you can use for spending.

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