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For instance, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (source) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the block, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our cube consists of the term BUTTERFLY discussed previously. In reality, the block would contain a listing of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH result of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, then the block is considered verified.

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For instance, lets say that we've a mining problem of just two, ie, our HASH should begin with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will return the same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. Thus what we need is the next factor, a random number (called a NONCE). We take this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt start with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and because changing one small number changes the entire HASH result, there's absolutely no way to predict the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is the solution to the block. Here are some attempts:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is the thing that makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive procedure, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. At November 2017, a normal home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not a part of a cloud mining network, would require 2.7 million years to mine one block. .

This has led to the rise of ASIC computers built particularly for mining and to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining issue was reduced and not a lot of miners were competing for blocks and rewards. This made it worthwhile to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a potent processor whose sole objective is to help like this your computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not built for executive decisions (such as CPUs) however to be very good labourers, hence GPUs can execute over 800 times more instructions in the same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining process as FPGAs are processors that can be programmed to execute certain instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a specific function, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors available for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in power consumption. .

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Mining pools. To cancel the problem of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools simplifies a cube, the payoff is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the puzzle). .

Cloud mining. Clouds offer prospective miners the capability to purchase mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious being: no electricity costs, no excess heat and nothing to sell when you decide to hang up your virtual pickaxe.

Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a virtual key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this digital key to access and confirm or approve transactions.

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Desktop wallets. Software like Bitcoin Core lets you send and save bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are saved online by exchange programs like Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain shop and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your mobile device.

Paper wallets. Some sites provide paper wallet solutions, generating a bit of paper with two QR codes on it. One code is the public address where you get bitcoin and the other one is your personal address you can use for spending.